The Five Pillars of Islam

1. Why is the pronouncement of the shahada central to a Muslim’s identity and

practice of the Islamic faith?

It declares that there is only one god and that he is supreme.

2. How does the practice of the salat both mentally and physically help Muslims to

live in obedience to the will of Allah?

It reminds Muslims of their inferiority to Allah.  It instills obedience and promotes unity and humility.

3. In what ways does the practice of zakat influence Muslims as a community of

faith? In other words, what does this practice say about the Muslim community

and its commitment to the poor and marginalized?

It is a physical sign that God's will is being done by the Muslims.

4. How does the practice of sawm both mentally and physically help a Muslim to

live in obedience to the will of Allah?

It shows Muslims their humility of humanity and makes them experience it through fasting.

5. Why do you think that the hajj is a pillar of the Islamic faith? How is this practice

similar and different from other world religions?

It promotes community and unity in the Muslim faith.  It is similar to Judaism because they are asked to visit Israel and it is different from Catholicism because they don't have to go anywhere except church.

6. What do you think are some of the challenges of practicing a life in relationship to

the Five Pillars?

Living in today's world means lots of temptation, especially in America where Islam has been branded as a terrorist group, it would be difficult for Muslims to meaningfully carry out the pillars for fear of stigmatization. 

Godly Names

Masculine
The Judge:  At our final hour God is the one who decides who lives and who dies.  He will judge us, apparently as a community, and that sounds like a very masculine thing- killing people off if they fail judgment.
The Avenger: tying in with the previous name, if we are judged badly then those who we failed to help in life will be avenged.  There is a saying that goes like "Blessed is the poor in spirit for theirs is the kingdom of heaven."  The whole "the meek shall inherit the earth and the wicked shall perish in hell." Basically, God avenges the people that had a sucky time in life.
Feminine:
The Most Kind: God performs small miracles every day and gives us all an easier time in life.
The Maintainer: God maintains life so that we may continue living and have serve Him.

Reflection:
The names purvey God's nature.  He is kind and merciful but He also doesn't take crap from people and will smite a sinner in an instant.  I found myself dividing up the names by whichever ones had to deal with death and physical execution were masculine and the feminine were simple acts of kindness or non physical things.

Islam Webquest

1) What is highest estimate for the total number of Muslims that live in the
world today?
1.6 million

2) List 10 countries who have a Muslim population of 86% or greater.
Afghanistan
Algeria
Azerbaijan
Bangladesh
Comoros
Djibouti
Egypt
Gambia
Indonesia
Iran
Iraq
3) What country has the largest Muslim population?
Indonesia
4) How many Muslims are there in the United States?
5-12 million


TEACHINGS OF MUHAMMAD
Go to the following website and put 3 of Muhammad’s sayings in your own
words.

1)"I have been sent in the best of the generations of the children of Adam, one generation after another generation, until I am born in the generation in which I am born." I have constantly been reborn to lead up to this moment.

2) "Allah sent me to complete the excellent virtues and to perfect the good actions." Listen to what I say because God wants me to make you all good people.

3) "I will instill terror into the hearts of the unbelievers, smite ye above their necks and smite all their fingertips off them." Anyone who doesn't believe in God will get killed.


1) What does the Quran provide?
a peaceful way of life
2) In what language(s) does the Quran exist? Why?
Arabic- its the language of Mohammed and his village
3) During which month was the Quran sent down from Heaven?
Ramadan
4) What did the angel Gabriel command Muhammad to do? What happened
next? Write the Koran

QUESTIONS:
1) List and explain the 5 Pillars of Faith.

1. Faith or belief in the Oneness of God and the finality of the prophethood of Muhammad;
2. Establishment of the daily prayers;
3. Concern for and alms giving to the needy;
4. Self-purification through fasting the month of Ramadan; and
5. The pilgrimage to Makkah for those who are able.

2) Why are they important?
The 'Five Pillars' of Islam are the foundation of Muslim life:
3) Why is cheating on the 5 Pillars impossible?

The Five Pillars of Wisdom are obligations which Muslims must fulfill in order to live the way of Islam. By carrying out these obligations Muslims intertwine all aspects of their lives with their religion as they believe that it is pointless to live without putting their beliefs into action. Cheating on them is considered a lack of faith.

1) What is Ramadan?
The month of fasting
2) What restraints are placed on Muslims during Ramadan?
Those, who are legible for fasting during Ramadan, are not allowed to eat, drink, smoke, or perform sex during the fasting period of day time from fajr (before first morning light) until sunset.
3) What can destroy the good acquired during Ramadan?
eat food without fasting,smoking,do evil things,drink alcohol,speak bad words.
4) Why is the 27th day of Ramadan significant?

Muslims believe that Laylat al-Qadr is the night in which the Qur'an was first revealed to the Prophet Muhammad and it is considered the most holy night of the year.
Laylat al-Qadr is believed to have occurred on an odd-numbered night during the last 10 days of Ramadan, either the night of the 21st, 23rd, 25th, 27th or 29th.
If Laylat al-Qadr falls on the 27th day of Ramadan this year then that is why the 27th is important this year.

5) What happens when Ramadan ends?
 They feast
6) What are the 3 reasons Ramadan is important?

The Qur'an was first revealed during this month. The gates of Heaven are open and the gates of Hell are closed and the devils are chained up in Hell.The actual night that the Qur'an was revealed to the Prophet Muhammad is called Lailat ul Qadr.

7) Why is easier to do good during Ramadan?
Ramadan is a very special month for worship, prayers and for forgiveness. The gates of Heaven are opened and the Devil is chained. Muslims fast during this month and utilise the opportunity to increase their worship and ask for forgiveness. Money is given for charity and Muslims pay their annual Zakat (2.5 percent of savings and wealth for the poor) and give money to feed the poor so as to seek mercy and forgiveness and blessings from God.

List 5 interest facts you learned from the websites above.

1.Islam" means "peace through the submission to God".

2."Muslim" means "anyone or anything that submits itself to the will 

of God".

3.Islam is a complete way of life that governs all facets of life: 

moral, spiritual, social, political, economical, intellectual, etc.

4.Allah is not the God of Muslims only. He is the God of all people

and all creation. Just because people refer to God using different
terms does not mean that they are different gods. Spanish people refer to
God as "Dios" and French people refer to God as "Dieu", yet they are all
the same God. Interestingly, most Arab Jews and Arab Christians refer
to God as "Allah". And the word Allah in Arabic appears on the walls of
many Arab churches.

5.he Islamic concept of God is that He is loving, merciful, and

compassionate. But Islam also teaches that He is just and swift in
punishment. Nevertheless, Allah once said to Prophet Muhammad, "My mercy
prevails over my wrath." Islam teaches a balance between fear and hope,
protecting one from both complacency and despair.

Blog Post 22 - Ancient Western Religions

THIS PACKET IS IMPOSSIBLE TO READ!!!!
1.  Ancient Iran in 600 BCE
2.  Zarathustra began to preach and was able to convert the Persian king, who led the dominant army.
3.  An angel named Good Thought brought him before God and he realized that there was only one true God and so began to preach monotheism.
4.  The sacred text is called Avesta.  The oldest part of it are called the Garthas which are 17 hymns written by Zarathustra
5.  He is eternal and universally good.  He controls the cosmos and human destiny.  He is also the creator.
6.  Belief in universal forces of good and evil.
7.  The hostile spirit chose the Lie.  There is probably more to this but I can't read the packet.
8.  Good & Evil (Angels & Demons)
9.  After death individuals go to judgment by crossing a bridge of torment and pain.  They walk across a bridge over an abyss and the good get into paradise while the bad fall to their death.
10.  Agriculture.  Care for livestock.  Worship 5 times a day.
11.  They are the modern day Zoastrians who live in India.
12.  The Iliad and the Odyssey.
13.  They have human attributes.
14.  He celebrates Zeus' divine power and wisdom with his play, Agamemnon, which portrays human suffering as necessary.  
15.  The oracles are mortals with whom the gods have direct contact.  The most famous is the oracle at Delphi to whom Apollo was worshiped.  Delphi was thought to be the center of the earth.
16.  Mystery religions had initiates who had to undergo rituals.  During initiation, the initiate experienced an encounter with the deity.  Initiates got spiritual renewal and hopes of a better afterlife
17.  The mystery religion at Eleusis, near Athens.
18.  He is the god of fertility, vegetation, and wine.  He is depicted with vines and grapes.
19.  Lead a pure life, also be vegetarian, so that the soul will realize that it is divine.
20.  Plato thought that body and mind were separate.  He believed that truth was not something the body could experience.
21.  The mind was the only thing that could perceive truth and the body was incapable of such truths.
22.  Both healers were called Savior and venerated in similar manners by their people.
23.  They are the supernatural powers in charge of certain things.  They inhabit homes, towns, trees, doors, altars, and shrines.
24.  Jupiter
25.  Jupiter, Venus, Mars, Neptune, Saturn, Mercury
26.  The worship and favor of the gods brought welfare and peace to the state.
27.  The mystery religions from Greece, Egypt, Syria, and Asia Minor.
28.  Isis and Osiris were lovers until Osiris was hacked to pieces and spread about the land.  Isis found them all, mummified him and made him ruler of the underworld.
29.  It was the emperor's guardian spirit and his divine knowledge.
30.  Worship of the emperor would have contradicted their monotheistic view.

D*** It Feels Good To Be A Jew

Holy Items
1. What are the three functions of a synagogue?

A synagogue acts as a hub for social interaction amongst the Jewish folk.  They can worship, recreate, and celebrate.  Jews also use synagogues for study and worship.  The Torah is kept there and is studied in groups of people to promote synergy.  As for worship, it is done three times a day as required.

2. What does the layout of a synagogue look like? Check out the various items and then identify the purpose and location of the following:
Ark- On the eastern wall is an ark.  They are all differently ornate and hold the Torah behind a highly ornate curtain.  Sometimes there will be multiple Torah scrolls so there are multiple shelves.

Torah Scrolls- contain Jewish teachings on parchment made from the skin of a kosher animal.  They are kept in cloth coverings and must be clearly written, not be faded, and free of error.  It is forbidden to touch them

Ten Commandments- The ten commandments are also called the mitzvot.  There are 13 of them and they stress emphasis on God, human and family, and  human and human.  

3. What is a rabbi? A Jewish scholar or teacher who has been appointed a leader.

How does a Jew become a rabbi? Some rabbinical programs require 4 years in college, field training, internships, and a year lived in Israel.

How does a rabbi differ from a clergyman? Rabbis have no powers.

What is the rabbi’s role? He is a counselor, teacher, spiritual leader, and role model.

4. What is the nature Shabbat? (also called Sabbath) When does it occur? It is a day of rest given on Sunday.  Jews pray and eat more on this day.

5. What is the Torah? What is the Talmud? Torah is the law of God according to Moses. Talmud is Jewish civil and ceremonial law.

FYI: This is what a Torah Scroll looks like…

6. There are different branches of Judaism. Describe the following…
Orthodox: follow only the Torah, Talmud, and first 5 books of the bible in belief that God gave Moses the whole thing and that it has not been altered.

Reform: Believes the Torah is an ever changing thing.  These Jews keep up with modern times and change their beliefs as they see fit.  They also practice in the vernacular.

Conservative: Members of Judaism that did not fully adhere to either Reform or Orthodox.

Zionist: spawned from political activist Theodore Herzl, this branch aimed at ending anti-semitism

***Take a break and listen to some Klezmer music…(this will only work if Quicktime is loaded!)***

(What the hell is Quicktime?)

Language
7. What is Hebrew? A Semitic language that almost died out completely due to Aramaic.  It was revived in the 1920s and is currently spoken in Israel and is an official language.

8. What is Yiddish? "Jewish" language built upon Hebrew backgrounds.  It was extremely popular in Russia until it began to decline and is now the second most popular language spoken in Israel.

9. Define the following Yiddish terms:
Mazal Tov: Congratulations

Shalom: Hello, Peace, or Goodbye

Mitzvah: commandment

10. Rites of Passage – Use this link to define and describe the following:

Brit Milah (Bris): circumcision

Bar/Bat Mitzvah: The name for a child who has reached his maturity and must accept his responsibilities.  Bar for boys at 13 and Bat for girls at 12. 

Jewish Marriage: A ceremony to complete companionship and the security it provides.  This is done in a ceremony under a cloth to symbolize the home about to be made.  Then a legal document is signed and the groom checks to see if it his bride and they live happily ever after.

11. Holidays – Use this link to define the following:

Rosh Hoshanah Jewish New Year

Yom Kippur Days of fasting to celebrate atonement and repentance.  It is the most venerated day for Jews.

Hanukah Eight day celebration starting on Dec. 25 in honor of the "rededication" of the temple

Passover Jewish festival celebrating the release of the Israelites from Egypt.

12. What is something you knew about Jewish traditions that this confirmed? I am familiar with Jewish weddings and what occurs during them.

13. What is the most interesting or surprising information out of all of this? I did not know that Yom Kippur was the number one holiday celebrated by Jews.

14. What is one aspect of Jewish tradition which is similar to a tradition in your life? The idea that the synagogue is a place of study.  My church offers tutoring services and I help kids study all the time.

15. What is one aspect of Jewish tradition that is different from a tradition in your life? Praying three times a day is not something I make sure to do.

Buddhism Packet Questions

1. Siddhartha Gautama
2. Old man, sick man, dead man, and an ascetic.  The first three made him realize suffering and how it pertains to everyone in the world.  The ascetic made him see a way which he could escape these sufferings.
3. Siddhartha was starving to death and realized that starvation does not lead to salvation.  Therefore there is no need to completely deny one's self by not taking care of one's self.
4. He sat under a tree while being tempted by the three daughters of the demon Mara.  He resisted them all and reached enlightenment that night.
5. A sangha is a group of Buddhist monks or nuns.
6. Buddha, Dharma, Sangha.
7. Reincarnation and Karma
8. He did not like all of the gods and the idea of worship.
9. Anicca is the desire that causes Dhukka. Anatta is the cessation of Dhukka through the cessation of Anicca
10. Anatta is the exclusion of self while Atman is the complete external world for which self is given up
11. Karma determines into which thing your soul will be reincarnated
12. No killing, stealing, misconduct, lying/cheating, or intoxicants.  For monks: do not eat after noon, do not use cosmetics, do not accept money, no fine arts, no sleeping in nice places
13. Suffering- pain caused by desire, jealousy, hate
14. Tanha is the desire, jealousy and hate mentioned in question 13
15. Right view, right intention, right speech, right action, right livelihood, right effort, right mindfulness, right concentration, and right knowledge and liberation.
16. Buddhas refrain from Nirvana to help others achieve enlightenment
17. An Arhat is one who has become enlightened, probably Theravada
18. Nirvana means blow out.  Your spirit cease to exist when Nirvana is reached like a flame ceases to exist when you blow it out
19. Mahayana, Theravada, Vajrayana
20. Buddha's doctrines
21. Large vehicle- most popular branch
22. It uses desire to show the irrelevance of life
23. He leads Tibetian Buddhism. He is not chosen. When he dies, he is reincarnated and the high lamas try and find his reincarnation
24. Theravada- Southeast Asia; Mahayana- East Asia; Vajrayana- Tibet and Mongolia.
25. 

Buddha Intro

Siddhartha Gautama was once a wealthy man who lived inside of a castle because an oracle told his father that Siddhartha would either be a religious man or a ruler.  His father wanted him to be a ruler so Siddhartha was kept indoors to tempt him away from religious life by way of women and food.  However, after going outside of his palace he came to four sights that made him think over life and existence.  Eventually he left the castle to become a wandering holy man.
The 3 Jewels of Buddhism are the Buddha who is a teacher, the Dharma which provides moral laws, and the Sangha which is a Buddhist community.  The threefold path is a similar way to Nirvana through ethics, meditation, and wisdom.  Buddha's teachings are all based around four truths that he discovered about suffering: 1. all existence is suffering, 2. Desire is the cause of suffering, 3. suffering is ended when desire is ended, and there is a path that leads from suffering. The Buddha's extensive approach to Dharma is known as the eightfold path which is as follows: right view, right intention, right speech, right action, right livelihood, right effort, right mindfulness, right concentration, and right knowledge and liberation.

Hinduism Questions

1. They are primal because they come before traditional religious practices
2. The Ancestors turned the formless land into a landscape. They created humans and before they left, created natural landmarks, rock paintings, etc.
3. The Ancestors' spiritual essence
4. Totem- an object believed to have spiritual significance Taboo- an act that defies religious customs or beliefs.
5. Rituals bring in the Ancestors' spirit into the human being
6.  The Ancestors during the Dreaming, taught them to the humans
7. Initiation gives the person meaning in his/her life
8. 8.       Death is symbolized by the taking out of two teeth or marking scars on the back or neck
   9.      Nigeria, Benin, and Togo.
   10. Ife is where the universe began
   11. Heaven is where the Orishas live.  It is divided into upper and lower segments, with the most powerful Orishas residing in the upper areas while the other Orishas remain in lower heaven.  Earth is where life dwells.
   12.   Olorun is the mother of all Orishas. She created the form that Obatala shaped.
   13. Orishas are the children of Olorun.  They control the aspects of life.  They are important because Yorubas believe that their lives are dedicated to one specific orisha, and that is how they orient themselves.
   14. Obatala is the Orisha that created life and form. He is the emissary of Oludumare.  His wife is Yemaya and together they gave birth to all the other Orishas.
   15.   Tricksters are neutral Orishas- doing good or bad things
   16. Ancestors are either familial, being worshiped by their family, or Deified, being worshiped by most Yorubas because of their contributions to Yoruba history
   17. They lead the rituals and bring the gods and ancestors into an earthly communication
   18.   Divination is seeking the outcome of one's future so that correct choices will lead to a good life.
   19.   Humans crossed a land bridge between Russia and Alaska called the Bering Strait.
   20. Most of the Plain Indians follow the same religion
   21.   Wakan Tankan created everything and is made of 16 other deities
   22.   Inktomi taught the Indians useful things but also taught some falsehoods
   23.   Death releases 4 souls in a person. 3 are reborn and one is judged to determine whether it can continue on through the Milky Way or have to return as a ghost.
   24.   Vision quests reward supernatural prowess in areas like hunting and curing.
   25.   Sweat lodges are sealed tents where steam is released in an effort to sweat a person profusely, cleansing them physically and spiritually.
   26.   Participants gain either a visit from and animal or an inanimate object.  Sometimes this will be a guardian spirit that protects them for the rest of their life.
   27.   A woman with an outstanding moral character
   28. It is the center of the universe or the supreme god. For the sun dance it represents the lunar month
   29.   Mutilators believe that since their body is theirs only, it is the only suitable sacrifice to give
   30.   Aztec tradition is done with many people in a city. It is similar to other primal religions because it links myth with ritual
   31.  Mexico, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Costa Rica.
   32.  Quetzalcoatl created everything. Teotihuacan is the city for the cosmos
   33.   Quetzalcoatl provided the golden age of cultural brilliance. He became the role model for Aztecs
   34.   The age of the fifth sun. They thought the sun would be destroyed and replaced for the next age.
   35.   There are four cardinal directions to the universe and at the center is their Great Temple
   36.   Heart and mind are the center of humans and are what links the earth and the cosmos together.
   37.   The Knowers could talk to the gods and make sacrifices to them
   38.   Aztecs mistook Cortes for a God so they embraced him and in return, he enslaved them all.
   39.   The day of the dead reunites the dead spirits with their families.  The Aztecs had similar traditions in reuniting with their dead.
   40.   Axis Munid, Rituals, and Myths.

40 Primal Questions

1. They are primal because they come before traditional religious practices
2. The Ancestors turned the formless land into a landscape. They created humans and before they left, created natural landmarks, rock paintings, etc.
3. The Ancestors' spiritual essence
4. Totem- an object believed to have spiritual significance Taboo- an act that defies religious customs or beliefs.
5. Rituals bring in the Ancestors' spirit into the human being
6.  The Ancestors during the Dreaming, taught them to the humans
7. Initiation gives the person meaning in his/her life
8. 8.       Death is symbolized by the taking out of two teeth or marking scars on the back or neck
   9.      Nigeria, Benin, and Togo.
   10. Ife is where the universe began
   11. Heaven is where the Orishas live.  It is divided into upper and lower segments, with the most powerful Orishas residing in the upper areas while the other Orishas remain in lower heaven.  Earth is where life dwells.
   12.   Olorun is the mother of all Orishas. She created the form that Obatala shaped.
   13. Orishas are the children of Olorun.  They control the aspects of life.  They are important because Yorubas believe that their lives are dedicated to one specific orisha, and that is how they orient themselves.
   14. Obatala is the Orisha that created life and form. He is the emissary of Oludumare.  His wife is Yemaya and together they gave birth to all the other Orishas.
   15.   Tricksters are neutral Orishas- doing good or bad things
   16. Ancestors are either familial, being worshiped by their family, or Deified, being worshiped by most Yorubas because of their contributions to Yoruba history
   17. They lead the rituals and bring the gods and ancestors into an earthly communication
   18.   Divination is seeking the outcome of one's future so that correct choices will lead to a good life.
   19.   Humans crossed a land bridge between Russia and Alaska called the Bering Strait.
   20. Most of the Plain Indians follow the same religion
   21.   Wakan Tankan created everything and is made of 16 other deities
   22.   Inktomi taught the Indians useful things but also taught some falsehoods
   23.   Death releases 4 souls in a person. 3 are reborn and one is judged to determine whether it can continue on through the Milky Way or have to return as a ghost.
   24.   Vision quests reward supernatural prowess in areas like hunting and curing.
   25.   Sweat lodges are sealed tents where steam is released in an effort to sweat a person profusely, cleansing them physically and spiritually.
   26.   Participants gain either a visit from and animal or an inanimate object.  Sometimes this will be a guardian spirit that protects them for the rest of their life.
   27.   A woman with an outstanding moral character
   28. It is the center of the universe or the supreme god. For the sun dance it represents the lunar month
   29.   Mutilators believe that since their body is theirs only, it is the only suitable sacrifice to give
   30.   Aztec tradition is done with many people in a city. It is similar to other primal religions because it links myth with ritual
   31.  Mexico, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Costa Rica.
   32.  Quetzalcoatl created everything. Teotihuacan is the city for the cosmos
   33.   Quetzalcoatl provided the golden age of cultural brilliance. He became the role model for Aztecs
   34.   The age of the fifth sun. They thought the sun would be destroyed and replaced for the next age.
   35.   There are four cardinal directions to the universe and at the center is their Great Temple
   36.   Heart and mind are the center of humans and are what links the earth and the cosmos together.
   37.   The Knowers could talk to the gods and make sacrifices to them
   38.   Aztecs mistook Cortes for a God so they embraced him and in return, he enslaved them all.
   39.   The day of the dead reunites the dead spirits with their families.  The Aztecs had similar traditions in reuniting with their dead.
   40.   Axis Munid, Rituals, and Myths.
   

   
   

Yoruba Girls!!!

1. Where are they located, both in location and the type of geography.




The Yoruba religion formed as large numbers of people were taken as slaves.  Yoruba, being a language as well, allowed the enslaved to combine their beliefs into one religion, influenced by Catholicism.  This new religion had originated on the West Coast of Africa but had spread to the Americas and Caribbeans because of slavery.  Now it is extremely popular in Nigeria, Benin and Togo.
http://www.howard.edu/library/reference/cybercamps/camp2002/YorubaFaith.htm
http://www.religioustolerance.org/ifa.htm

2.What is their cosmological view of the world?
Yorubas believe that the Supreme God, Olorun, combined Her scorching glory with that of her eldest daughter's Oludumare.  Their glory is water and they tipped the water to form stars and the oceans.  Oludumare instructed her "emissary," Obatala, to climb down a golden chain dropped from heaven and to pile dirt into the waters below.  Obatala was also given a hen which he placed on the pile of dirt so that the hen would spread it with her feet.  After Obatala finished he returned to heaven where Oludumare sent a chameleon to see that the Earth had been successfully created.  Before, Olorun retired, Oludumare gave Obatala another emissary named Yemaya. Together they gave birth to many more powerful beings called Orishas.  Together their powers form the world we know today.
http://www.religioustolerance.org/ifa.htm
http://www.orishanet.org/ocha.html
http://anthonyuu.wordpress.com/2011/04/04/yoruba-religion-and-the-rapture-of-being-alive/

3. Explain and describe some of their sacred symbols (at least 3).
Yorubas use lots of art in order to focus their worship towards whichever Orisha they choose.  Art is a large part of their worship ceremonies.  Pottery, seen as a craft, is vital to their story of creation.  From Olorun's pot flowed the powers of creation.  Finally,women wear geles, or headwraps.  This symbolizes imperfection in humans and their drive to be like Yemaya.
http://ir.uiowa.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1075&context=mzwp

4. What are their sacred locations?
Because of the dispersed Yoruba traditions, there are no sacred places above Church or their place of worship.
http://www.howard.edu/library/reference/cybercamps/camp2002/YorubaFaith.htm

5.  Identify their most important gods (good, bad, and trickster).  More than the name of the god is needed here.
Olorun is the mother of all the Orishas.  From her glory comes the creation of the universe.
Though there are no evil Orishas, Eleggua, can be considered "bad."  He decides what happens in the worlds and so he allows for evil.
Shango is the god of earthly pleasures and symbolizes temptations.  He has relations with most of the female Orishas, even the married ones and is cited for his hot temper.

6. What are their totems, fetishes, and taboos?
Yorubas partake in large worship ceremonies with drums, dancing, and singing.  Yorubas have a system of life called the Ifa divination.  In this aspect of the religion one must study and master teachings of Olorun.  Because of the European influence, many of Yoruba's totems have been destroyed.
http://www.religioustolerance.org/ifa.htm

7. What is the role of the shaman?  How do they view magic?
Yorubas do not have Shamans.  However, they belieive in magic, witchcraft, and sorcery.  Magic is used to term good things in the world.  For example, healing, success, and positive feelings are considered magic.  Witchcraft is a female attempt to harm someone with psychic powers.  Sorcery is an attempt to harm someone through evil rituals.
http://www.religioustolerance.org/ifa.htm

8. Identify and describe at least 2 or 3 rituals.
Yorubas have rituals for almost any situation including, improving financial status, becoming fertile, or getting married.
The ritual for worshiping Oludumare takes place outside to show her limitless power.  A circle is drawn in chalk, a kolanut is placed in the center of the circle and cold water is poured on to it.  The nut is then split in half and offered to Oludumare.
A daily ritual for whichever Orisha is chosen has the participant stand before a shrine, either a personal home shrine or a public one, pour water onto a kolanut, ask for something and then split the nut in half.
http://obafemio.weebly.com/uploads/5/1/4/2/5142021/04-1_162.pdf

9. Images that reflect the art of the people, the people themselves, and their geography.
See above.

Vocab Words

Introductory Unit (8)

1. Heart It is a figurative use of the word to refer to the very core of each of us. Figuratively, it is where our intellect, will and emotions reside, as well as our intentions.
2. X and Arrows describes how Jesus came to reach us
3. Desire A strong feeling of wanting to have something or wishing for something to happen.
4. Reality resemblance to what is real.
5. 4 Truths of the “I” I have desires, I am not perfect, I want my desires to be fulfilled, I will seek fulfillment
6. Religious Sense Belief in and reverence for a supernatural power or powers regarded as creator and governor of the universe.
7. Ontology The branch of metaphysics dealing with the nature of being.
8. Being Existence

Anointing of the Sick (27 +8 = 35)

1. Suffering the bearing of pain or distress
2. Sickness in the Old Testament human condition as a result of the first sin
3. Job a position or routine
4. Views of Suffering in other religions suffering is for consolation or relief; moral conduct, spiritual advancement through life hardships or through self-imposed trials
5. Original Sin the tainting sin committed by Adam and Eve in the garden of Eden when they directly disobeyed god
6. Christ the Physician Christ alludes to Himself as a physician.
7. History of the sick being healed by the Church Even though Jesus commanded the twelve and then the seventy-two to heal the sick as they proclaimed the kingdom of God to the lost, the Church today no longer obeys this command. In fact, this command is ignored and almost never taught to believers today. Anyone who tries to heal the sick---not just pray for the sick---is likely viewed with suspicion and thought to be straying from the word of God.
8. Presbyters An elder or minister of the Christian Church
9. Who administers the sacrament? a priest or bishop
10. Who can receive the sacrament? The anointing of the sick can be administered to a member of the faithful who, after having reached the use of reason, begins to be in danger due to sickness or old age.
11. Celebration of the Sacrament The communal celebration of the anointing of the sick for many of the sick at the same time who are duly prepared and rightly disposed can be performed according to the prescriptions of the diocesan bishop.
12. Rite of Anointing (8 main parts) Scripture awakens the faith of the sick and family members and friends to pray to Christ for the strength of his Holy Spirit. The priest lays his hands on the head of the sick person. He then proceeds to anoint, with the blessed Oil of the Sick, the forehead and hands of the sick person (in the Roman Rite). He accompanies these acts with the words, "Through this holy anointing may the Lord in his love and mercy help you with the grace of the Holy Spirit. May the Lord who frees you from sin save you and raise you up" (CCC, no. 1513). For those who are about to depart from this life, the Church offers the person Penance, Anointing of the Sick, and the Eucharist as Viaticum (food for the journey) given at the end of life. These are "the sacraments that prepare for our heavenly homeland" (cf. CCC, no. 1525). These rites are highly valued by Catholics as powerful aids to a good death. Since Holy Communion is the effective sign of Christ's Paschal Mystery, it becomes for the recipient the opportunity to unite one's own suffering and dying to that of Christ with the hope of life eternal with him. The special words proper to Viaticum are added: "May the Lord Jesus protect you and lead you to everlasting life. Amen."
13. Viaticum Eucharist administered with the sacrament
14. Grace received the fortitude to resist temptation in the face of death, when he is weakest; a union with the Passion of Christ, which makes his suffering holy; and the grace to prepare for death, so that he may meet God in hope rather than in fear.
15. Four main effects of the sacrament Anointing heals.  That's the effect.  It heals the soul.  It heals either this mortal body or prepares us for the ultimate healing of the body in the Resurrection on the Last Day.  It heals the Body of Christ as we intercede for the sick one.  It strengthens the sick one to share in the cross of Christ.  It helps the sick one be a sign of Christ's grace of healing and mercy to the Church.  Today, thank God for the graces of the sacrament of Anointing.
16. Transformation through the sacrament The depression, anger and resentment are transformed into peace and joy.
17. Theodicy the question that analyzes God's justice when there is innocent suffering, bad things happen to good people
18. Apocalyptic
    Resembling the end of the world; momentous or catastrophic
19. Apostolate The position or authority of an Apostle or a religious leader.
20. Oil of the Sick the oil used to do the anointing, the matter of the sacrament
21. Extreme Unction
    A former name for the sacrament of anointing of the sick, esp. when administered to the dying
22. Society of Jesus Jesuits
23. L’Arche Community International Federation dedicated to the creation and growth of homes, programs, and support networks with people who have intellectual disabilities
24. Stations of the Cross a series of artistic representations, very often sculptural, depicting Jesus carrying the cross before he died, and the devotions using that series to commemorate the Passion, often moving physically around a set of stations.
25. Healing in the Gospel  There is clear testimony in the Gospels that Jesus practiced healing. Wherever he went he ministered healing to hurting people.
26. Name and explain the effects of the sacrament
    "The special grace of the sacrament of the Anointing of the Sick has as its effects: the uniting of the sick person to the passion of Christ, for his own good and that of the whole Church; the strengthening, peace, and courage to endure in a Christian manner the sufferings of illness or old age; the forgiveness of sins, if the sick person was not able to obtain it through the sacrament of penance; the restoration of health, if it is conducive to the salvation of his soul; the preparation for passing over to eternal life"

Reconciliation (35 + 40 = 75)

1. Penance
   Voluntary self-punishment inflicted as an outward expression of repentance for having done wrong.
2. Confession An admission or acknowledgment that one has done something that one is ashamed or embarrassed about.
3. Forgiveness
   The action or process of forgiving or being forgiven.
4. Conversion The fact of changing one's religion or beliefs or the action of persuading someone else to change theirs
5. Empathy
   The ability to understand and share the feelings of another.
6. Ten Commandments
   

   1. You must not have any other god but me.

   2. You must not make for yourself an idol of any kind or an image of anything in the heavens or on the earth or in the sea. You must not bow down to them or worship them, for I, the Lord your God, am a jealous God who will not tolerate your affection for any other gods. I lay the sins of the parents upon their children; the entire family is affected—even children in the third and fourth generations of those who reject me. But I lavish unfailing love for a thousand generations on those who love me and obey my commands.

   3. You must not misuse the name of the Lord your God. The Lord will not let you go unpunished if you misuse his name.

   4. Remember to observe the Sabbath day by keeping it holy. You have six days each week for your ordinary work, but the seventh day is a Sabbath day of rest dedicated to the Lord your God. On that day no one in your household may do any work. This includes you, your sons and daughters, your male and female servants, your livestock, and any foreigners living among you. For in six days the Lord made the heavens, the earth, the sea, and everything in them; but on the seventh day he rested. That is why the Lord blessed the Sabbath day and set it apart as holy.

   5. Honor your father and mother. Then you will live a long, full life in the land the Lord your God is giving you.

   6. You must not murder.

   7. You must not commit adultery.

   8. You must not steal.

   9. You must not testify falsely against your neighbor.

   10. You must not covet your neighbor’s house. You must not covet your neighbor’s wife, male or female servant, ox or donkey, or anything else that belongs to your neighbor.

7. Four Dimensions of the Sacrament The sacrament encompasses four parts: contrition, confession, satisfaction or penance, and absolution.
8. God’s Mercy in the Old Testament The Old Testament prophets were always warning the people about the wrath of God should they stray from the path of righteousness. However, what is usually ignored by atheists is God's mercy for those who did repent of doing evil. Yes, God judged many people groups, but not before warning them.
9. Christ’s propensity to forgive sin in the New Testament the God of the New Testament is seen as the God of mercy, who sent Jesus to atone for the sins of the world.
10. Brief history of the sacrament In olden days this sacrament was used only for the forgiveness of mortal sins. In different times and places there were many variations of procedure and it would take a whole book to describe them all…. In general it may be said that if the sins to be forgiven were secret sins they could be confessed in secret; whereas if they were public sins (murder, adultery, rape, sorcery, perjury, apostasy) then they had to be confessed in public before the whole community. The entire Christian community assembled in the church, where the Bishop…sat upon his throne; and his priests, deacons and subdeacons arranged themselves on each side of him. The sinners were led barefoot into the midst of the congregation and prostrated themselves on the ground. They avowed what they had done, and the Bishop delivered judgment as to whether pardon would be granted and what penance was to be imposed (usually a year or more). Then they were walked to the doors of the Church and had to remain outside until they finished their penance.
    On the day of reconciliation [usually on Holy Thursday], the ceremony was even more solemn. Again, barefoot and in penitential garb, the penitents knelt outside the closed doors of the church…until the Bishop came to the door and all the Church prayed that they be readmitted to the body of the faithful. The Bishop brought them forward, prayed over them in thanksgiving, stretched his hands over them, imparted absolution and gave them a blessing. Then the whole community welcomed them back. Now they could go home and change from their penitential garments, have a bath, cut their hair and trim their beards, and resume their ordinary clothes. And there was great joy among all the people."
    Today the Sacrament of Reconciliation is expressed quite differently, but the elements have remained the same: Remorse for our sins, confession of our sins, forgiveness, and great joy in the merciful love that God has for us.
11. Celebrating the sacrament itself A penitent confesses his sins in front of a priest
12. Examination of Conscience a penitent figures for himself what he may be guilty of
13. Contrition The state of feeling remorseful and penitent.
14. Act of Contrition (prayer itself found on the reading by the Pennsylvania Catholic Conference of Bishops) O my God, I am heartily sorry for having offended you, and I detest all my sins because I dread the loss of heaven and the pains of hell; but most of all because they offend you, my God, who are all good and deserving of all my love. I firmly resolve with the help of your grace, to confess my sins, to do penance and to amend my life. Amen.
15. Confession of Sin The penitent tells his sins that have bothered his conscience to the priest
16. Absolution the priest forgives the sins
17. Sin An immoral act considered to be a transgression against divine law.
18. Mortal Sin
    an unpardonable sin entailing a total loss of grace; "theologians list seven mortal sins".
19. Venial Sin A relatively slight sin that does not entail damnation of the soul.
20. Moral Object
    the attainment of that end, but by the inherent ordering of the act toward that end,
21. Original Sin The tendency to sin innate in all human beings, held to be inherited from Adam in consequence of the Fall.
22. Personal Sin the free choice to disobey God; to do something the opposite of what is good.
23. Sacramental Seal Priests are not allowed to speak of the confession given
24. Restitution
    The restoration of something lost or stolen to its proper owner.
25. Concupiscence Strong sexual desire; lust.
26. Fornication voluntary sexual intercourse between persons not married to each other.
27. Excommunication being banned from the Catholic Church
28. Apostasy
    The abandonment or renunciation of a religious or political belief.
29. Heresy Belief or opinion contrary to orthodox religious (esp. Christian) doctrine.
30. Schism a divide
31. Grace of Reconciliation
    the sacrament of Reconciliation reunites the soul to God; sanctifying grace is restored to the soul.
32. Transformation through Reconciliation the sacrament reforms orientation and transforms it towards peace and goodwill so that sin may be avoided in the future
33. Why is Confession Necessary?
    In reconciling us to God, it is a great source of grace, and Catholics are encouraged to take advantage of it often.
34. Who forgives sin? Jesus and his apostles
35. What is the role of the priest? to act as a catalyst to God
36. How often should one attend confession? before receiving communion or committing a grave sin
37. Three required acts of the Penitent
    The penitent's acts are repentance, confession or disclosure of sins to the priest, and the intention to make reparation and do works of reparation.
38. Interior Repentance contrition
39. Who administers the sacrament? a priest

Matrimony (75 + 27 = 102)

1. Declaration of Nullity a statement saying a marriage was not approved by the church
2. Abortion terminating a pregnancy
3. Contraception a method of avoiding pregnancy
4. Sterilization  ending a person's fertilization/ability to have kids
5. Natural Family Planning having sex at a lady's most fertile moment
6. Nuptial Blessing Prayers for the blessing of a couple being married, especially of the bride..
7. Fidelity faithfulness
8. Divorce termination of a marriage contract
9. Polygamy the practice of having multiple wives
10. Adultery having sex outside of marriage
11. Annulment revocation of marriage
12. Purpose of Marriage have children
13. Unity
    Harmony or agreement between people
14. Procreation sex for reproduction
15. Intimacy
    Close familiarity or friendship; closeness
16. Scriptural Basis of Marriage  a man and a woman
17. Rites for celebrating marriage The Rite of Marriage states that the celebration of marriage "normally should be within the Mass"; receiving holy communion together strengthens the couple's love, and lifts up all present into communion with Christ and one another
18. Free Consent completely free choice
19. Exchange of Vows the couple promising fidelity and unity until death
20. Parts of Marriage Celebration marriage is a celebration of love
21. Grace Marriage Grace reveals God's essence in giving to mankind a home for love and intimacy - a place where two people can have a special love that is beyond belief.  Marriage Grace is God's gift to mankind.
22. Family
    A group consisting of parents and children living together in a household.
23. Domestic Church
    Christian Church and church
24. Matrimony as a covenant the covenant shared between the two who have become one flesh
25. Cohabitation
    the act of living together and having a sexual relationship (especially without being married).
26. Marriage and Christ’s Love Today, as ever, the Church affirms celibacy as a valuable sign of the ultimate importance of God’s kingdom.
27. Creation the act of bringing forth new life

Holy Orders (102 + 27 = 129)

1. Diocese
   A district under the pastoral care of a Christian bishop.
2. Vicar the living embodiment of Christ
3. Episcopal College governing committee of bishops
4. Synod of Bishops
   a council of a church, usually a Christian church, convened to decide an issue of doctrine
5. Ecumenical Council one of seven gatherings of bishops from around the known world under the presidency of the Pope to regulate
6. Infallibility the inability to be wrong
7. Imprimatur
   An official license by the Roman Catholic Church to print an ecclesiastical or religious book.
8. Parish a church's committee
9. Stole a cloth strip worn over shoulders
10. Dalmatic wide sleeve overgarment
11. Presbyters
    An elder or minister of the Christian Church.
12. Seminary place where priests are taught
13. Celibacy abstaining from sex
14. Bishops A senior member of the Christian clergy, typically in charge of a diocese and empowered to confer holy orders.
15. Pope living vicar of christ
16. Priest
    An ordained minister of the Catholic, Orthodox, or Anglican Church having the authority to perform rites and administer sacraments.
17. Deacon An ordained minister of an order ranking below that of priest.
18. Cardinal A leading dignitary of the Roman Catholic Church, nominated by the pope and collectively forming the Sacred College.
19. Clergy
    The body of all people ordained for religious duties, esp. in the Christian Church.
20. Chasuble A sleeveless outer vestment worn by a Catholic or High Anglican priest when celebrating Mass, typically having a simple hole for the head.
21. Discern to make known
22. Why become a priest? because we are called to it
23. Who can be ordained? anyone who studies at a seminary
24. Areas of Formation the study of becoming a priest
25. Historical development of the priesthood
    This ministerial priesthood is at the service of the priesthood of all believers and involves the direct consecration of a man to Christ through the sacrament of orders, so that he can act in the person of Christ for the sake of the Christian faithful, above all in dispensing the sacraments. It is understood to have begun at the Last Supper, when Jesus Christ instituted the Eucharist in the presence of the Twelve Apostles, commanding them to "do this in memory of me." The Catholic priesthood, therefore, is a share in the priesthood of Christ and traces its historical origins to the Twelve Apostles appointed by Christ. Those apostles in turn selected other men to succeed them as the bishops ("episkopoi", Greek for "overseers") of the Christian communities, with whom were associated presbyters ("presbyteroi", Greek for "elders") and deacons ("diakonoi", Greek for "servants"). As communities multiplied and grew in size, the bishops appointed more and more presbyters to preside at the Eucharist in place of the bishop in the multiple communities in each region. The diaconate evolved as the liturgical assistants of the bishop and his delegate for the administration of Church funds and programmes for the poor. Today, the rank of "presbyter" is typically what one thinks of as a "priest", although technically both a bishop and a presbyter are "priests" in the sense that they share in Christ's ministerial priesthood and offer sacrifice to God in the person of Christ.
26. Three degrees of Holy Orders 1. episcopate 2. presbyterate 3. diaconate.
27. Grace God's love
28. Ordination Leads to a Ministry of Service once ordained, the priest will be sent where he is needed the most

Baptism (129 + 21 = 150)

1. Definition A person's initiation into a particular activity or role, typically one perceived as difficult: "his baptism as a politician".
2. Proper Matter
   matter signifies that out of which anything is made or composed.
3. Correct Words/Form For a sacrament to be valid, three things have to be present: the correct intention, the correct matter, and the correct form. With baptism, the correct intention is to do what the Church does, the correct matter is water, and the correct form is the baptizing "in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit"
4. Designated Minister priest or anyone in a time of crisis
5. Biblical Basis we need to be baptized to get into heaven
6. RCIA the process through which interested adults and older children are gradually introduced to the Roman Catholic faith.
7. Rite of Baptism of Children
   the basic texts for the rite of baptism
8. RCIA Process
   • Inquiry: the initial period before you decide to enter the Catholic Church. You're asking questions and checking it out, but aren't yet ready to commit.
   • Catechumenate: those who decide to enter the Church and are being trained for a life in Christ are called catechumens, an ancient name from the early Church. In this stage, you're developing your faith and are being "catechized" — learning catechism, or the basic points about Catholic faith and life.
   • Purification and preparation: The Church will help you focus and intensify your faith as you prepare you to commit your life to Christ and be received into the Church at Easter. If you're following the RCIA process, you'll go through a beautiful series of Gospel-based meditations during Lent, which is the time frame of this period.
   • Initiation itself, the culmination of the whole process! You're received into the Church during the Easter Vigil Mass, where you'll receive the sacraments of initiation: baptism, confirmation, and Eucharist. (If you've already been baptized, you won't be baptized again.)
   • Mystagogy: after reception into the Church at Easter, this period lets you reflect and learn more about the mysteries of the Mass and the Sacraments that you now participate in fully.
9. Cradle vs. Convert the difference between a baby being baptized versus a fully knowledgable adult
10. Candidates he/she about to be baptized
11. Catechumens
    A Christian convert under instruction before baptism.
12. Conditional Baptism baptism done in the time of emergency
13. Signs of Baptism water, candle, white garment, oil
14. Sign of the Cross the blessing to go and do as Jesus did from the priest to the candidate
15. White Garment symbolizes purity
16. Baptismal Candle
    Receive the light of Christ
17. Oils of Baptism Bless this oil and give wisdom and strength to all who are anointed with it in preparation for their baptism
18. Water destoyer and cleanser of original sin
19. Baptismal Name
    the name given to you at birth
20. Effects of Baptism the ability to enter heaven plus the removal of original sin
21. Concupiscence lust

Confirmation (150 + 25 = 175)

1. Definition
   The action of confirming something or the state of being confirmed.
2. Proper Matter not a vain ceremony but an initiation into Christ's spiritual army
3. Correct Words/Form
   Many people think of the laying on of hands, which signifies the descent of the Holy Spirit, as the central act in the Sacrament of Confirmation. The essential element, however, is the anointing of the confirmand (the person being confirmed) with chrism (an aromatic oil that has been consecrated by a bishop), accompanied by the words "Be sealed with the Gift of the Holy Spirit" (or, in the Eastern Catholic Churches, "The seal of the gift of the Holy Spirit"). This seal is a consecration, representing the safeguarding by the Holy Spirit of the graces conferred on the Christian at Baptism.
4. Designated Minister bishop
5. Seal chrism oil on forehead
6. Holy Spirit bestows gifts
7. Fruits of the Spirit gifts of the holy spirit
8. Gifts of the Spirit
   wisdom, understanding, wonder and awe, right judgement, knowledge, courage, and reverence.
9. Biblical Basis The Spirit of the Lord GOD is upon me, because the Lord has anointed me to bring good tidings to the afflicted; he has sent me to bind up the brokenhearted, to proclaim liberty to the captives, and the opening of the prison to those who are bound
10. History began as Christ was baptized in the river Jordan
11. Age of Discretion 7
12. Pentecost
    The Christian festival celebrating the descent of the Holy Spirit on the disciples of Jesus after his Ascension, held on the seventh
13. Eastern Rite the rite and liturgy of an Eastern Church or of a Uniat Church
14. RCIA is the process through which interested adults and older children are gradually introduced to the Roman Catholic faith and way of life.
15. Rite of Confirmation of Youth youth are confirmed to begin their spiritual journey
16. Chrismation
    a consecrated ointment consisting of a mixture of oil and balsam.
17. Why we confirm to act as Christ did
18. Requirements for Reception be baptized
19. Sponsor
    One who assumes responsibility for another person or a group during a period of instruction, apprenticeship, or probation.
20. Confirmation Name Your confirmation name is the name you choose to be confirmed under. You choose the name, either a saints' name or a virtue (eg. charity, chasity, prudence, etc.). Some people will choose two names, like - Daniel Theresa, for example.
21. Community All the people living in a particular area or place
22. Key Elements
    Laying on of hands
    Annointing with chrism
    Invocation of the Holy Spirit
23. Anointing with Chrism
    In or near Holy Week, the bishop consecrates the sacred Chrism during the course of the Chrism Mass. It is used to anoint the newly baptized, to confer the Sacrament of Confirmation, and to anoint bishops and priests during the celebration of the Sacrament of Holy Orders.
    Anointing with oil has many meanings such as cleansing as part of a bath, limbering up the muscles of athletes, and healing the wounds of the sick. Two other sacramental celebrations make use of blessed oil: "The pre-baptismal anointing with the oil of catechumens signifies cleansing and strengthening; the anointing of the sick expresses healing and comfort" (CCC, no. 1294). The Oil of Catechumens is used in Baptism. The Oil of the Sick is used for the Sacrament of the Anointing of the Sick.
24. Laying on of hands a symbolic and formal method of invoking the Holy Spirit primarily during baptisms and confirmations
25. Effects/Implications
    an increase of sanctifying grace, the strengthening of our faith, and the gifts of the Holy Ghost.

Eucharist (175 +27 = 202)

1. Definition the body of Christ
2. Source and Summit
   The Church is born in the liturgy and from this source is sent forth to bring about the reconciliation of all creation through the priestly ministry of Christ.  For this priestly ministry to achieve its fullest expression, all things must be brought back to the Father through the liturgy, which is the ‘summit’ or ‘culmination’ of all the Church’s activity.
3. Transcendence a state of being or existence above and beyond the limits of material experience.
4. Eucharist is a memorial that remembers Christ's sacrifice
5. “Real Presence” Christ's body is in the bread and the wine is his blood
6. Consecration
   a solemn commitment of your life or your time to some cherished purpose
7. Transubstantiation the bread and wine turning into body and blood
8. Tabernacle where the host is stored
9. Similarity to Judaism both used unleavened bread
10. Eucharist as a Sacrament we receive the body as a physical sign of grace
11. Other Names for the Eucharist Holy Communion or the Lord's Brea
12. Biblical Basis Jesus said at the last supper that he would give us his body and blood
13. Proper Matter
    The matter of the sacrament of the Eucharist is bread and wine. And the church is very clear, in canon law, in defining the two elements: “The bread must be made of wheat alone. … The wine must be natural wine of the grape and not corrupt”  (Canon 924).
    Moreover, the church adds that a “quantity of any other substance than wheat” in the bread renders it invalid for use — meaning the sacrament of the Eucharist cannot be confected with such bread. In a similar way, the church says that “wine … cannot be regarded as valid matter, [if] extracted from apples or other fruits, or which is made chemically.”
    Additionally, if there is more water than wine in the mixture, it is equally invalid.
    
14. Correct Words/Form
    Now, that we have cleared up the matter of the matter, let’s move onto the proper form of the sacrament.
    The form of the sacrament is the proper minister speaking the “words of institution” over the valid matter; both bread and wine must be present—having only one or the other invalidates the sacrament. The words of institution, sometimes called the “words of consecration,” are as follows:
    As the priest holds the bread, he says, “Take this, all of you, and eat of it, for this is my body, which will be given up for you.”
    As the priest holds the chalice filled with wine, he says, “Take this, all of you, and drink from it, for this is the chalice of my blood, the blood of the new and eternal covenant, which will be poured out for you and for many for the forgiveness of sins. Do this in memory of me.”
    These beautiful words are not just some Hallmark-card-type of nice-sounding prose. The church holds that these are the words that Christ spoke at the Last Supper, (i.e., the first Mass). The church, following the command of Christ to “do this in memory of me,” continues to re-present that event which is inextricably connected to his death and resurrection.
    Following the recitation of these words over the elements (and the Holy Spirit having been invoked previously in the ritual), the bread and wine that the eye still sees (sometimes called the sacred species), are, in reality, no more. What is substantially, truly and actually present are the body, blood, soul and divinity of Christ.
15. Designated Minister priest
16. Eucharist Meal we should not eat an hour before church to symbolize that Jesus is all we need
17. Mass/Liturgy (Eucharist) The service that honors the Eucharist every Sunday
18. Introductory Rites
    This whole Rite is designed to bring people into a state of prayer and humility centering on Christ’s grace given freely for our salvation and our reconciliation as sinners. “Christ died so we might live”.
19. Liturgy of the Word
    In the liturgy of the word Christians come together to thank God for God’s gifts. Listening to God’s word (the Bible) they grow in faith more conformed to the mind of Christ. Liturgy celebrates the wonders of creation and gives thanks for the reality of redemption. The liturgy is a celebration not of what God has said, but of God today speaking to our hearts and souls.
20. Liturgy of the Eucharist
    While the liturgy of the word focused upon the table of the Lord’s word-the lectern, the Eucharistic liturgy centers upon the altar-both a place of sacrifice as well as the table from which as Christians we are fed. The themes of sacrifice, thanksgiving and meal dominate.
21. Unity with Christ we become one with Christ after receiving his Body
22. Eucharist to Others the priest is the only one allowed to turn the bread and wine into body and blood but he may utilize the help of others in administering to the church
23. Building of the Church
    the Eucharist builds the Church and the Church makes the Eucharist, it follows that there is a profound relationship between the two, so much so that we can apply to the Eucharistic mystery the very words with which, in the Nicene-Constantinopolitan Creed, we profess the Church to be “one, holy, catholic and apostolic”. The Eucharist too is one and catholic. It is also holy, indeed, the Most Holy Sacrament. But it is above all its apostolicity that we must now consider.
24. Requirements for Reception one must be baptized and have no mortal sin tainting his or her conscience
25. Christ to Others
    he Eucharist assimilates man into the divine life of Jesus, enabling him to more closely follow in Christ's footsteps and become a gift to others
26. Corpus Christi A feast of the Western Christian Church commemorating the institution of the Eucharist, observed on the Thursday after Trinity Sunday.
27. Sunday Obligation
    It is both a precept of the Church and Church law that Catholics must worship God on Sunday and Holy Days of Obligation by participating in the Holy Mass.

TOTAL = 202 - 1 errors = 201words defined